NURSING CARE IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PRESSURE INJURIES IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51891/rease.v10i11.16908Keywords:
Nursing Care. Pressure Injury. Intensive Care Unit.Abstract
Introduction: Nursing, as a science of care, focuses on both prevention and health promotion, guiding care practices to reduce the rate of pressure injuries. Such injuries are defined as damage to the integrity of the skin, usually found over bony prominences, resulting from pressure, friction or shear that impairs blood flow. Multiple factors can contribute to the emergence of these injuries. In this scenario, the crucial role of the nursing professional as a facilitator of this process stands out, as they are responsible for monitoring the patient from admission to discharge, assuming the responsibility of performing interventions to preserve the integrity of the client's skin. Objective: to describe nursing care in the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries in intensive care units. Methodology: An integrative literature review was chosen to construct this study. In order to guide the research, the following guiding question was adopted: "What were the nursing care measures to prevent pressure injuries in patients in the Intensive Care Unit?" Data were collected from the VHL, through the LILACS, SCIELO, BDENF and MEDLINE databases. The terms used for the search were the DeCS "Nursing Care", "Pressure Injury" and "Intensive Care Unit", combined with each other by the Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria were established as follows: complete articles, written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, that addressed the topic in the last five years were considered. The exclusion criteria included theses, dissertations, monographs, articles that did not address the topic in question and duplicate studies in the databases. After conducting the initial search using the defined descriptors and Boolean operators, the abstracts of the selected articles were analyzed and reviewed. Then, the data were organized into tables and charts to facilitate discussion. Results: The role of the nursing team is crucial in prevention, requiring the use of risk assessment scales, such as the Braden Scale, and the application of care protocols. Interventions involve continuous patient monitoring, proper positioning, use of support surfaces, maintenance of skin integrity, and education of patients and family members. The adoption of preventive and therapeutic strategies aims to reduce complications, such as infections, shorten hospital stays, and improve prognosis, in addition to reducing hospital costs. Conclusion: The nursing team should identify risk factors and implement interventions, such as proper positioning and use of protective surfaces, to prevent and treat these injuries, promoting patient recovery.
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Atribuição CC BY