DENTAL SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEART DISEASES: RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS

Abstract

Although dental complications in heart disease patients are considered rare, care for these patients should be provided based on some care and adequate planning. The problem analyzed sought to understand the respective question: what are the best and current practices used in the care of heart disease patients who require invasive dental interventions? In this context, the general objective of this study was to understand the best practices in the management and invasive dental interventions in patients with different heart diseases. The specific objectives were: to identify the main heart diseases and their risks for patients who require dental procedures; to verify possible improvements, updates and adaptations for the care of these patients, in order to improve their percentage and efficiency, effectiveness and applicability; and to create a study base that serves as a basis and guidance for professionals who need to care for heart disease patients. A bibliographic review of the literature of studies published in the Lilacs and Medline databases available in the Virtual Health Library (BVS); in the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD); in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and PubMed, based on the most relevant Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) to analyze the desired theme: dentistry, oral surgery and heart disease. The study indicated that the main care provided by the dental surgeon in patients with severe heart disease involves the observation of psychological disorders and other problems that may impact the procedures; the adoption of antibiotic prophylaxis in individuals predisposed to bacterial endocarditis; the appropriate choice of local anesthetic to be used; monitoring of vital signs and other complications associated with heart disease; and the rapid performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers when necessary.