THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN LITERACY FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN BASIC EDUCATION

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of assistive technologies in the literacy process for students with disabilities in primary education. Assistive technologies, including screen readers, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) software, and adapted literacy applications, emerge as essential tools to ensure that students with sensory, motor, or cognitive disabilities can develop reading and writing skills. The research adopted a qualitative methodology, conducting a bibliographic analysis of studies on the use of these technologies in educational settings. Based on data from multiple case studies, results indicate that assistive technologies significantly increase students' autonomy and learning capacity, fostering inclusion and supporting the linguistic and cognitive skills necessary for literacy. The theoretical framework is based on Vygotsky's mediation theory, emphasizing the role of educational tools and social interaction in student development. Recent studies show that by facilitating access to reading and writing materials through adapted devices, assistive technologies help students overcome physical and cognitive barriers, promoting social and academic inclusion. Comparative analysis reveals that students using these technologies show significant improvements in phoneme recognition, vocabulary building, and communication skills, as well as increased engagement in school activities. It is concluded that investing in assistive technologies in primary education is essential for inclusive and equitable education. Public policies should ensure access to these resources in all schools, enabling students with disabilities to participate fully in the educational process. Future research is recommended to explore the impact of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and augmented reality in inclusive literacy. This study reinforces the importance of these tools as a foundation for the educational and social development of students with disabilities.