CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN CATS

Abstract

This study aims to identify the causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in felines, for better clinical management of these patients, providing a quality of life with reduced damage and stabilization of the disease. Specific objectives: To describe the pathophysiology of CKD, highlighting its relationship with secondary diseases; To understand the appropriate management of patients with CKD; To raise awareness among future veterinarians about the appropriate management to reduce damage and promote quality of life with effective management. CKD is a condition of great relevance in the feline population, being the second leading cause of death in cats. It is characterized by irreversible loss of functional renal mass and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Although the exact causes of CKD are not yet fully understood, risk factors include inflammation, use of nephrotoxic drugs, and hyperthyroidism. The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, which are responsible for the production and excretion of urine, and the elimination of substances that are harmful to the body. Diagnosis of CKD in cats involves several complementary tests, with emphasis on measuring serum creatinine and abdominal ultrasound. Management of CKD in felines, according to guidelines from the International Society of Feline Medicine, focuses on supportive and symptomatic treatment, aiming to improve quality of life and slow the progression of the disease. Hospitalization is necessary in cases of patient destabilization. The renal diet should be restricted in phosphorus, proteins and sodium, and rich in calories and nutrients. Monitoring potassium levels and metabolic acidosis is essential. Controlling systemic hypertension and urinary tract infections is also essential. The disease is incurable, but early diagnosis can increase the survival of animals, highlighting the need for further studies to improve prevention and appropriate treatment. Regular veterinary follow-up is essential to monitor disease progression and adjust treatment as necessary. Educating the owner about home care and the importance of hydration is also essential. This study concludes that CKD in cats, although incurable, can be effectively managed to prolong the life and improve the quality of life of affected felines, through early diagnosis and appropriate interventions.