KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS IN BEEF CATTLE

Abstract

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a common eye disease in cattle, causing economic losses for producers and affecting animal welfare. IBK is a painful condition that typically leads to corneal ulcers, opacity, tearing, blepharospasm, photophobia, and epiphora, often leaving permanent scars on the corneas of recovered animals. In more severe cases, it can lead to complete blindness due to corneal rupture and lens or iris prolapse. Several factors contribute to susceptibility to IBK, including weather conditions, dust, host immunity, exposure to sunlight, animal breed, and ocular pigmentation. The direct transmission of M. bovis occurs through direct contact and nasal and ocular secretions, as well as indirect transmission by flies. IBK is highly contagious within cattle populations, spreading rapidly among herds through direct contact, nasal and ocular secretions, and vector insects, especially when the cornea is damaged. The diagnosis of IBK is based on clinical signs, such as excessive tearing, bacterial culture of ocular exudates, and the exclusion of other diseases. Treatments include medications administered via subconjunctival injection, topical application, and systemic administration. Preventive measures, such as vaccination and fly control, are recommended to reduce the incidence of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on keratoconjunctivitis in beef cattle.