EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY ON ORAL HEALTH

Abstract

This article aimed to review the main adverse effects on oral health in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy, focusing on specific types of cancer, such as head and neck cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer. Although essential for cancer control, these treatments are associated with severe oral complications, such as mucositis, xerostomia, oral infections, and osteoradionecrosis, which directly affect patients’ quality of life and may impair adherence to cancer treatment. Oral mucositis, one of the most debilitating complications, causes painful lesions and increases the risk of infections. Xerostomia, caused by the destruction of the salivary glands, impairs eating and increases the risk of cavities and periodontal disease. Immunosuppressed patients are more vulnerable to oral infections, which increases the risk of systemic complications. The literature highlights the importance of preventive interventions, such as low-intensity laser therapy and the use of artificial saliva, as well as the presence of dentists in multidisciplinary teams, to improve prognosis and reduce these complications. The adoption of continuous dental care from the start of cancer treatment is essential to ensure better clinical outcomes.