CARDIOVASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SHEEHAN SYNDROME: CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND GYNECOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Abstract

Introduction: Sheehan syndrome, a condition resulting from postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, can manifest itself through several complications, including cardiovascular manifestations. The hormonal insufficiency resulting from this syndrome affects not only the endocrine system, but also impacts the cardiovascular health of patients. Affected women often present with hypertension, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular abnormalities, which require a careful clinical approach. Gynecological evaluation is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management of these complications, considering the interrelationship between hormonal and cardiovascular health. Objective: To analyze the evidence on the cardiovascular manifestations of Sheehan syndrome, in addition to exploring clinical management strategies and the importance of gynecological evaluation in detecting these conditions. Methodology: The research was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist, covering articles published in the last ten years. The databases used were PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science, and five descriptors were applied: "Sheehan syndrome", "cardiovascular complications", "gynecological evaluation", "hypopituitarism" and "women's health". The inclusion criteria consisted of studies that addressed cardiovascular manifestations in the syndrome, research with relevant clinical data and systematic reviews on the subject. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were unrelated articles, studies with non-representative samples and publications that did not address gynecological aspects. Results: The results revealed a significant prevalence of cardiovascular complications in women with Sheehan syndrome, highlighting the need for rigorous monitoring. The main manifestations included arterial hypertension, cardiac rhythm disturbances and alterations in lipid metabolism. In addition, the literature indicated that a careful gynecological evaluation is essential for the integrated management of these patients, promoting early interventions that can reduce cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: Sheehan syndrome has significant clinical implications, especially regarding cardiovascular manifestations. Clinical management should be multidisciplinary, integrating gynecological assessment to ensure effective treatment and improve patients' quality of life. The literature highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and a holistic approach in managing these complications, thus promoting the health and well-being of affected women.