CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN CHILDREN: PEDIATRIC EVALUATION AND SURGICAL CONDUCT

Abstract

Diaphragmatic hernia in children represents a significant clinical challenge, characterized by the protrusion of abdominal structures into the thoracic cavity due to a defect in the diaphragm. This condition, frequently identified in newborns, can lead to serious respiratory complications, compromising oxygenation and lung function. Early diagnosis and careful evaluation are crucial, since the severity of symptoms varies and surgical intervention may be necessary. Understanding the clinical implications and management strategies is essential to improve outcomes in pediatric patients. Objective: To analyze the clinical considerations of diaphragmatic hernia in children, focusing on pediatric evaluation and surgical management. Methodology: The methodology was based on the PRISMA checklist, using the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. The five descriptors used included "diaphragmatic hernia", "children", "pediatric evaluation", "surgery" and "clinical outcomes". Studies published in the last 10 years that addressed the evaluation and treatment of diaphragmatic hernia in pediatric populations were included. Inclusion criteria considered peer-reviewed articles, relevant clinical trials, and investigations focused on surgical interventions. Exclusion criteria included articles not available in full text, non-systematic reviews, and studies that did not focus on children. Results: The results highlighted the importance of early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention to minimize complications. A multidisciplinary approach was emphasized, including pediatricians, surgeons, and intensive care specialists. In addition, the study highlighted the need for standardized protocols for evaluation and management, since variability in clinical practices impacted outcomes. Conclusion: In summary, diaphragmatic hernia in children requires a comprehensive and well-coordinated clinical approach. Accurate evaluation and appropriate surgical conduct are essential to improve outcomes. The review indicated that, despite advances, there is still room for improvement in management and follow-up practices, emphasizing the need for more research in this area.