SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL CATARACTS IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME: OPHTHALMOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL CHALLENGES

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical treatment of congenital cataract in children with Down syndrome presents unique challenges, considering not only ophthalmological but also neurological issues. These children often face developmental difficulties and concomitant health problems, which can impact the effectiveness of surgery and postoperative recovery. Cataract, when left untreated, can lead to significant visual deficits, affecting cognitive and social development. Understanding the clinical and behavioral aspects related to this condition is essential for effective management. Objective: To explore the ophthalmological and neurological challenges involved in the surgical treatment of congenital cataract in children with Down syndrome, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Methodology: The research was conducted using the PRISMA checklist, with articles published in the last ten years in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. Five descriptors were used: Ophthalmologist, Neurologist, Eye surgery, Intraocular lens and Early intervention. Inclusion criteria were: studies that addressed congenital cataract in children with Down syndrome, peer-reviewed articles, and publications in English or Portuguese. Exclusion criteria were: studies focusing on adults, publications that did not involve surgery, and articles with very small sample sizes. Results: The main topics found included the high prevalence of cataract in children with Down syndrome and the ophthalmological complications that may arise, such as strabismus. In addition, the need for early interventions to avoid damage to visual development was highlighted. Neurological challenges, such as learning difficulties and behavioral issues, were frequently mentioned as complicating factors in post-surgical recovery. Conclusion: Congenital cataract in children with Down syndrome requires special care that considers both ophthalmological and neurological issues. Treatment should be individualized, involving a multidisciplinary team, to maximize results and promote a better quality of life for these children, often with a predominance of women in clinical studies.