ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This literature review gathered articles published preferably in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese in the last five years in the PUBMED database, aiming to review atrial fibrillation with its classifications, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia, characterized by an irregular and often accelerated heart rhythm, due to disordered electrical activity in the atria. This results in ineffective atrial contractions and an increased risk of clot formation, which can lead to stroke. AF is classified as paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent and permanent, depending on its duration and response to treatment. Risk factors include hypertension, heart disease, advanced age, diabetes and obesity. Diagnosis is made by electrocardiogram, and treatment aims to control heart rate and rhythm, in addition to preventing thromboembolic complications. Beta-blockers, anticoagulants and, in some cases, catheter ablation are common therapeutic options. AF requires ongoing management to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life, focusing on preventing serious complications such as stroke and heart failure.