BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS IN CHILDHOOD: DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL TREATMENT

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial conjunctivitis in childhood is a common condition that affects the conjunctival mucosa, resulting in symptoms such as redness, purulent discharge, and ocular discomfort. This infection, often caused by bacteria such as *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, can significantly impact the child's quality of life, interfering with daily activities and social interaction. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to avoid complications and transmission of the infection to other individuals. In a pediatric context, the clinical approach should be careful, considering the vulnerability of children and the need for safe and effective therapies. Objective: To analyze the available evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in children, focusing on identifying recommended clinical practices and the effectiveness of the treatments used. Methodology: The methodology adopted the PRISMA checklist to conduct the review, using the PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. Five descriptors were used: “bacterial conjunctivitis”, “childhood”, “diagnosis”, “clinical treatment” and “pediatrics”. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles published in the last ten years, randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews. Exclusion criteria included articles that addressed only viral conjunctivitis, studies not related to the pediatric population and publications that did not present data on treatment. Results: The results indicated that bacterial conjunctivitis is frequently underdiagnosed, leading to inadequate management. The most effective interventions included the use of topical antibiotics, with an emphasis on safety and reducing recovery time. In addition, educating parents and caregivers about signs and symptoms played a crucial role in early identification of the condition. The review highlighted the importance of ocular hygiene and preventive measures in reducing the incidence of new cases. Conclusion: Bacterial conjunctivitis in childhood, although prevalent, can be effectively managed with accurate diagnosis and appropriate clinical interventions. Combining antimicrobial treatments with educational strategies has been shown to be essential for controlling infection and improving the well-being of affected children. The review emphasized the need for further research in this area to improve treatment protocols and preventive strategies.