DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: MAIN FACTORS AND PROGRESSION

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, particularly among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The disease is characterized by damage to the retinal blood vessels due to chronic hyperglycemia, resulting in macular edema, hemorrhages, and pathological neovascularization. Poor glycemic control, along with factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and nephropathy, increases the risk of DR progression. Early diagnosis is crucial for disease management, and treatments include anti-VEGF agents, panretinal laser photocoagulation, and, in severe cases, vitrectomy. Moreover, strict glycemic and blood pressure control are essential for preventing DR progression and preserving vision. The implementation of screening programs and the evaluation of their cost-effectiveness are critical aspects to optimize DR prevention and treatment.