ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS CAUSING VULVOVAGINI-TIS A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The cervical cytopathological examination, also known as the Pap smear, is crucial for preventing cervical cancer by early detection of any cellular abnormalities. Although it is offered for free by the SUS to women aged 24 to 65, many individuals only undergo the test once symptoms of the disease have already appeared, rather than as a routine preventive measure. This is partly because the test involves scraping cells from the cervix in the laboratory using a spatula and a cervical brush to collect samples for detecting anomalies and infectious complications from pathogens such as HPV, Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas vaginalis. At the same time, adherence to screening is often hindered by shame and fear. Among the detectable vaginal infections, the most common is vaginal candidiasis, primarily caused by Candida albicans, which can occur after taking antibiotics, hormonal changes, and conditions that weaken the immune system. Treatment often involves topical or oral antifungals. Bacterial vaginosis, caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, results in discharge with an unpleasant odor and is treated with antibiotics such as metronidazole and tinidazole. Trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, may be asymptomatic and is treated with nitroimidazoles like metronidazole. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications and ensure women's reproductive health.