CONGENITAL CATARACT: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This literature review gathered articles published preferably in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese in the last five years in the PUBMED database, aiming to review congenital cataract, especially causes, diagnosis and treatment. Congenital cataract is an opacification of the lens present at birth or that appears soon after, and is one of the main causes of childhood blindness. It can be caused by genetic factors, intrauterine infections (such as rubella and toxoplasmosis) or metabolic disorders, such as galactosemia. Early diagnosis is essential, and the “eye test” is crucial to identify anomalies. Treatment is surgical, and early intervention can prevent amblyopia and promote better visual development. Surgery involves removal of the opacified lens, with or without implantation of an intraocular lens. Complications include glaucoma and opacification of the posterior capsule. Postoperative follow-up is essential for optical correction and prevention of complications. Success depends on the timing of surgery and the severity of the cataract. Public policies for early diagnosis and treatment are essential to reduce childhood blindness caused by congenital cataracts.