TREATMENT OF CHRONIC INSOMNIA: A REVIEW OF THERAPIES AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic insomnia is a common disorder with significant adverse effects on physical and mental health. Pharmacological therapies are widely used but often associated with side effects and dependency. Thus, non-pharmacological therapies have gained prominence. Objective: The aim of this article is to conduct a literature review on the main therapies for the treatment of chronic insomnia. Methods: A systematic review of the literature from 2013 to 2023 was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. After an initial screening of 600 articles, 25 studies were selected for final analysis. Results and Discussion: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) was identified as the most effective therapy, providing long-lasting results without the adverse effects of medications. Interventions such as mindfulness and relaxation techniques also showed efficacy, especially when combined with CBT-I. The research demonstrated that, in addition to improving sleep quality, these interventions help reduce symptoms of comorbidities like anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the review highlighted the importance of adopting integrated therapeutic approaches to optimize outcomes and enhance the patients' quality of life. Conclusion: The review concludes that non-pharmacological therapies, especially CBT-I, are essential in the treatment of chronic insomnia. It is necessary to promote greater dissemination and access to these interventions, and further research should continue exploring therapeutic combinations to improve long-term outcomes.