LEISHMANIASIS TREATMENT RESISTANCE IN SMALL DOMESTIC ANIMALS: CONSEQUENCES FOR VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH

Abstract

In this study, we examined drug resistance in small domestic animals for leishmaniasis and how it affects public health. Our aim is to determine how drug resistance affects pathogen transmission in dogs and cats, as well as to evaluate the current approach to treatment. The methodological approach of the present study is qualitative and includes interviews with veterinarians and small animal owners; a literature review; and a comparative analysis of regional practices based on the reviewed literature. The results of the present study showed that drug resistance, such as antimonials and miltefosine, is a common phenomenon that increases the prevalence of the disease. In addition, the use of unsafe and inadvisable treatments by the population is an aggravating factor. In general, small pets are reservoirs of leishmaniasis, which increases the risk of transmission to humans. The research identified the need for stricter policies and improvements in management practices. The limitations of the study were that some participants did not want to provide information on the subject, and the geography studied was still limited. It was concluded that the management-as-treatment approach needs to be challenged in an integrated and sustainable model to better protect animal and human health. Future research should include larger studies that examine geography, as well as investigations into innovative best management practices.