ACUTE APPENDICITIS: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Acute appendicitis is an inflammation of the vermiform appendix, often caused by obstruction of the appendiceal lumen, typically due to feces, a foreign body, or neoplasia. This condition is one of the leading causes of acute abdominal pain and a common indication for emergency surgery, with significant global prevalence. Typical symptoms include abdominal pain that starts in the epigastric region and migrates to the lower right quadrant, along with nausea, vomiting, and fever. However, clinical presentation can vary, especially in different age groups such as pregnant women and the elderly, making diagnosis a challenge. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is often based on a detailed clinical examination and imaging studies, such as ultrasound and computed tomography, which help confirm the inflammation and assess the severity of the condition. The standard treatment is appendectomy, which can be performed by open laparotomy or laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendectomy has gained popularity due to its benefits, such as less postoperative pain and faster recovery compared to the open approach. However, complications like appendix perforation, abscess, and peritonitis can occur if treatment is delayed, resulting in increased morbidity and prolonged recovery time. Effective management of acute appendicitis requires early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to minimize complications and improve patient outcomes.