CHOLANGITIS: SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF BILIARY INFECTION

Abstract

Cholangitis is a severe bacterial infection of the biliary tract, often resulting from obstruction of the bile ducts, which may be caused by stones, strictures, or tumors. This condition leads to bile accumulation and increased intrahepatic pressure, creating an environment conducive to bacterial proliferation. The classic triad of cholangitis symptoms includes fever, abdominal pain, and jaundice, known as Charcot's triad, although clinical presentation may vary. Diagnosis is confirmed through imaging studies such as ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Treatment involves a combined approach of antibiotic therapy to control the infection and drainage techniques to relieve bile duct obstruction, which may include ERCP, percutaneous drainage, or surgery, depending on the severity and underlying cause. Prompt intervention is crucial to prevent severe complications such as sepsis and multi-organ failure. The review highlights the importance of early identification and multidisciplinary management to optimize clinical outcomes, providing a comprehensive overview of the latest diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Prevention of cholangitis includes proactive management of conditions causing biliary obstruction and implementation of infection control practices.