UPDATES ON GLAUCOMA DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and subsequent damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to progressive and irreversible vision loss. The condition is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, affecting millions of people, particularly as the population ages. Early detection is challenging due to the disease's initially asymptomatic nature, with symptoms typically appearing only in advanced stages. Management of glaucoma involves a combination of strategies, including the use of medications to lower IOP, laser procedures, and, in more severe cases, surgery. Recently, significant advancements in diagnostic technologies, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and automated perimetry, have improved the ability to detect early changes in the optic nerve and retina. Ongoing research is exploring new therapeutic approaches, such as innovative pharmacological treatments and genetic-based therapies, aiming to provide more effective and personalized options. Despite these advancements, access to ophthalmic care and adherence to treatment remain critical issues to ensure vision preservation in at-risk populations.