CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by the bite of sand flies. Differential diagnosis is challenging, since the skin lesions may resemble other dermatological conditions, such as cutaneous tuberculosis, leprosy, sporotrichosis, and basal cell carcinoma. Diagnostic confirmation involves laboratory tests, including identification of the parasite by microscopy, culture, or PCR, and histopathology of the lesions. Clinical management varies according to the species of Leishmania and the extent of the disease, and may include the use of pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, or topical therapies, such as paromomycin. Response to treatment should be monitored regularly, considering the possibility of drug resistance and relapses. Prevention and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis depend on public health measures, such as vector control and education of the population about the importance of avoiding sand fly bites. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic management are essential for successful treatment and prevention of complications.