FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION AFTER ANTERIOR TALOFIBULAR LIGAMENT (ATFL) INJURY IN ATHLETES: THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES AND SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

Abstract

The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury is common in sports involving rapid directional changes and jumping, resulting in lateral ankle instability. This condition is complex and involves changes in the ankle's anatomy and biomechanics, often caused by rotational and inversion movements. Effective management requires functional rehabilitation, including muscle strengthening, proprioceptive exercises, joint mobility, and soft tissue stretching, all of which are crucial for functional recovery. Proprioceptive exercises enhance neuromuscular coordination and strengthen the peroneal, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles. Stretching and joint mobilization are essential for restoring range of motion and flexibility. During recovery, taping techniques and orthotics can provide additional support and should be continuously used to prevent new injuries and reduce the incidence of sprains. Rehabilitation for ATFL injuries must be multifaceted, incorporating ongoing patient education, strengthening, proprioception, mobility, and prevention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of anterior talofibular ligament injuries, addressing their clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment options based on the available scientific literature.