IMPACT OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER IN THE ELDERLY: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Increased life expectancy has been accompanied by a growing interest in understanding and mitigating neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's, which pose a significant challenge to public health and the well-being of older people. Among the factors that are positive for the development and progression of Alzheimer's, vitamin B12 deficiency has emerged as a promising area of ​​investigation, given its relevance in brain metabolism and cognitive function. Objective: To critically examine the available evidence on the impact of vitamin B12 deficiency on the development of Alzheimer's in the elderly. The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's in the elderly and its significant impact on public health and individual well-being. Next, we will address the biochemical and physiological foundations that underlie the importance of vitamin B12 for brain health and cognitive function, highlighting its role in the metabolism of nucleic acids and the maintenance of myelin. Contributing to a deeper understanding of the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in the development of Alzheimer's in the elderly has provided insights that can inform prevention and intervention strategies. Results: A total of 60 articles were found in the search platforms: PUBMED and SCIELO between 2014 and 2024, in Portuguese and English. Only 16 articles were chosen. Conclusion: Alzheimer's disease over time can lead to hematological changes, especially in hemoglobin and platelet levels; in addition, lower levels of vitamin B12 were found. Investigations have validated the involvement of the evaluation of substances in the blood such as platelets, vitamin B12 and hemoglobin as components in patients with Alzheimer's disease.