NEPHROTOXICITY RESULTING FROM THE IRRATIONAL USE OF IBUPROFEN: THE IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL ATTENTION

Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medications indicated for the treatment of inflammation due to their potential to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. They are widely prescribed worldwide and constitute one of the most diverse classes of drugs in terms of types. Their negative impacts can be observed, especially after chronic use, and they are particularly prone to self-medication due to the difficulties the population faces in accessing healthcare services and the ease of acquiring these medications. This study aims to investigate the association between the irrational use of NSAIDs, especially Ibuprofen, and the potential impact on nephrotoxicity. The study consists of a literature review, in which information collection was conducted qualitatively, using the following electronic databases: BVS, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The use of NSAIDs has been associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in both adults and children. The reduction of cyclooxygenases (COX) enzymes can result in a decreased blood flow to the kidneys, potentially causing AKI. Ibuprofen overdose is rarely fatal, and its chronic use may be more harmful to the gastrointestinal system than to the renal system. However, patients with nephrological comorbidities may face an increased risk of aggravation when using this medication. This highlights the urgency of educational interventions and regulatory measures to ensure safe medication practices.