ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Abstract

Assessing the nutritional status of children with autism is a challenge for health professionals, as this population presents communication and behavioral difficulties that can interfere with exams and data collection. However, this assessment is crucial, since children with autism are subject to a higher prevalence of malnutrition and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. In this scientific article, studies were reviewed that addressed the main difficulties and recommendations for assessing nutritional status in children with autism. The first challenge encountered is the collection of anthropometric data, such as weight and height, since many of these children have restrictive eating behaviors and may refuse to be measured. Another challenge is the assessment of food intake, since children with autism tend to have restricted and selective diets. In this sense, it is recommended that a broad assessment of intake be carried out, observing the variety and quantity of foods ingested, as well as possible specific nutritional deficiencies. Furthermore, it is important to consider the individual characteristics of each child, such as age, sex and level of autism impairment, when interpreting nutritional assessment results. These characteristics can influence each individual's nutritional needs and dietary pattern. Regarding recommendations, it is essential that health professionals are familiar with the behavioral characteristics of children with autism, in order to establish a relationship of trust and facilitate nutritional assessment. Furthermore, it is essential that there is a multidisciplinary approach, involving nutritionists, doctors, occupational therapists and speech therapists, to ensure a complete and accurate assessment. In conclusion, the assessment of nutritional status in children with autism presents specific challenges due to the behavioral characteristics of this population. However, it is essential that this assessment is carried out in order to identify possible nutritional deficiencies and provide appropriate interventions to improve the health and quality of life of these children.