OSSEODENSIFICATION IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY: BIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS, IMPLANT STABILITY, AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Resumen

Osseodensification is a surgical technique for dental implant site preparation that aims to preserve and compact bone tissue rather than remove it, as occurs with conventional osteotomy. This approach has gained interest in implant dentistry due to its potential to increase peri-osteotomy bone density and improve primary implant stability, particularly in low-density bone. This study aimed to analyze the biological principles of osseodensification, its effects on implant stability, and its main clinical applications through a narrative literature review. Experimental studies, clinical investigations, and systematic reviews comparing osseodensification with conventional bone preparation techniques were considered, including applications in low-density bone, immediate implant placement, and transcrestal maxillary sinus elevation. The literature reports favorable findings regarding insertion torque and primary stability values, although results concerning secondary stability and long-term bone preservation remain variable. It is concluded that osseodensification represents a promising alternative for implant site preparation; however, its application should consider anatomical conditions, bone quality, and individual clinical characteristics, as further controlled clinical studies with long-term follow-up are still required.