CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF MANDIBULAR UNICYSTIC AMELOBLASTOMA: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT – A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Unicystic mandibular ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm with locally aggressive behavior whose clinical and radiographic presentation may mimic odontogenic cysts. Histopathological diagnosis and identification of recurrence-related features are essential for treatment planning. Objective: To analyze and synthesize recent evidence on the diagnosis and conservative treatment of unicystic mandibular ameloblastoma, emphasizing clinical outcomes, recurrence, and functional preservation. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted through searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar in August 2026. Studies published between 2020 and 2026 in Portuguese, English, or Spanish were considered. After identification, screening, and eligibility assessment, 10 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results: The evidence indicated that factors such as greater lesion extent, root resorption, cortical perforation, and mural histopathological pattern are associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Conservative approaches, including enucleation, decompression, marsupialization, and curettage, showed favorable outcomes in selected cases, allowing preservation of mandibular continuity and reduction of morbidity. However, recurrence remains a concern, particularly in lesions with more aggressive characteristics. Conclusion: Conservative treatment represents a relevant therapeutic option for unicystic mandibular ameloblastoma in appropriately selected patients. Treatment selection should consider clinical, radiographic, and histopathological characteristics, and long-term clinical and radiographic follow-up is essential for the early detection of recurrence.