CONTEMPORARY ADVANCES IN POST-TRAUMATIC ORBITAL RECONSTRUCTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Post-traumatic orbital reconstruction represents one of the greatest challenges in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to the anatomical complexity of the orbit and the need to simultaneously restore ocular function and facial aesthetics. This study aimed to review recent scientific literature on key techniques for orbital reconstruction following trauma, emphasizing technological advances, reconstructive materials, postoperative complications, and current treatment perspectives. A narrative literature review was conducted by analyzing articles published in indexed international journals, covering surgical techniques, three-dimensional virtual planning, computer-assisted navigation, patient-specific implants, and titanium mesh. The analyzed studies demonstrated that the incorporation of digital technologies has significantly increased the precision of orbital reconstruction, facilitating better restoration of orbital volume, a reduction in the incidence of enophthalmos and diplopia, and improved aesthetic and functional outcomes. Titanium mesh remains the most widely used material, while patient-specific implants offer greater anatomical predictability, although their use is still limited by cost and technological availability. It is concluded that individualized surgical planning, combined with three-dimensional technologies and a multidisciplinary approach, contributes to better clinical outcomes and the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with orbital trauma.