DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM IN ANGOLA: FIFTY YEARS OF CHANGE, PROGRESS, AND OBSTACLES (1975-2025)

Abstract

Health is a fundamental element for human and social progress, reflecting the well-being of the population. In Angola, the National Health System plays a crucial role in providing health services, facing historical, political, and socioeconomic challenges since independence in 1975. This integrative review analyzed the evolution of the NHS over five decades, emphasizing structural reforms, policies implemented, persistent challenges, and advances achieved. Three historical stages were identified: post-independence and civil conflict (1975-2002), rehabilitation and reform (2002-2010), and consolidation and expansion (2010-2025). Among the main reforms, financial and administrative decentralization, strengthening primary health care, training professionals, and international cooperation stand out. Despite the progress achieved, significant challenges remain, such as unequal access to services, a shortage of qualified professionals, limited funding, and restrictions on the management of technologies and medicines. The results highlight the importance of sustainable public policies, strategic planning, and continuous research to consolidate a fair, resilient, and effective National Health System.