VITILIGO: A REVIEW ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

This article reviews the scientific literature on vitiligo, covering its definition, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment options. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of skin pigmentation, affecting approximately 0.5% to 2% of the global population. The disease's pathophysiology involves complex interactions between genetic predisposition, oxidative stress, autoimmune mechanisms, and neurogenic factors. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the observation of lesion characteristics, supported by complementary tests. Vitiligo treatment includes phototherapy, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, surgical options, and emerging approaches such as biological therapies. Psychosocial support is also crucial for patients' quality of life. This article highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach for the effective management of the condition and discusses recent advances in vitiligo research.