BLOOD TRANSFUSION: CLINICAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS IN HEALTHCARE

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze the main complications associated with blood transfusion, considering the clinical, ethical, and religious aspects involved in this procedure. It is an integrative literature review conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, covering studies published between 2021 and 2026. The PICO strategy and PRISMA recommendations were used to guide the research. The results identified hemolytic, febrile non-hemolytic, and allergic reactions as the primary transfusion-related complications. Issues related to patient identification, sample collection and handling, and the administration of blood components were also observed; these can compromise safety and lead to adverse events. Furthermore, it was found that ethical and religious concerns—particularly in cases where Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse transfusions—require individualized decision-making and respect for patient autonomy. It is concluded that transfusion safety depends on the prevention of errors, the training of healthcare professionals, and the adoption of ethical, humanized practices, all of which contribute to reducing complications and ensuring safe, high-quality care.