IMPACT OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY ON ACCESS TO EARLY CANCER DIAGNOSIS

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze how social inequality affects access to early cancer diagnosis in Brazil, highlighting epidemiological impacts, structural barriers, and the effectiveness of public policies aimed at screening. This is a narrative literature review based on articles published in national and international databases between 2015 and 2024, as well as governmental reports. The results show that socioeconomic factors — income, education level, housing conditions, and geographic location — are directly associated with delayed diagnosis and increased cancer mortality. Vulnerable populations have reduced access to preventive exams, longer waiting times for consultations, and lower adherence to screening programs. Public policies such as the National Cancer Control Program and Primary Care initiatives have limited reach in poorer regions, reinforcing historical inequalities. In conclusion, early diagnosis depends not only on health strategies but also on intersectoral actions to reduce structural inequalities and expand equitable access to oncological services.