INDICATIONS FOR COLONOSCOPY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This narrative literature review brought together articles published in the last ten years in the PUBMED and SciELO databases, aiming to indicate the indications for performing colonoscopy in the selected literature. Colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure that examines the inside of the colon and rectum using a colonoscope. It is essential for the early detection of colorectal cancer, recommended for individuals aged 50 and over or with a family history. Furthermore, it is indicated to investigate gastrointestinal symptoms such as rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits and unexplained weight loss. It is also useful in monitoring inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), polyp removal and post-surgical evaluation. The preparation includes a special diet, laxatives and enemas to ensure the visibility of the colon. Although generally safe, the procedure has risks such as intestinal perforation, bleeding and reactions to sedation, but these complications are rare. Colonoscopy is a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic tool in medicine for preventing colorectal cancer and treating various intestinal conditions.