HAND-FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

This article aimed to discuss Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (HFMD) in terms of its diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, highlighting its growing relevance as a public health problem, especially among children under five years of age. The work is based on the analysis of observational studies, literature reviews, and clinical reports, with the objective of understanding the viral etiology, modes of transmission, clinical manifestations, and possibilities for managing the disease. It is observed that the disease has high transmissibility, being disseminated mainly via the fecal-oral route and through contact with secretions, generally manifesting as fever and vesicular lesions on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa, and may evolve into more severe forms in specific cases. The study shows that the diagnosis is predominantly clinical, with the aid of laboratory tests in atypical or severe situations. Regarding treatment, supportive measures predominate, such as pain control, fever management, and hydration, with no specific consolidated antiviral therapy. Furthermore, complementary therapies, such as photobiomodulation and the use of methylene blue, demonstrate potential benefit. It is concluded that proper management depends on early recognition, effective clinical support, and investment in preventive and educational measures.