BIOÉTICA, PANDEMIA E SAÚDE PÚBLICA: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE INTERESSES COLETIVOS E INTERESSES INDIVIDUAIS

Abstract

This research aims to study the bioethical aspects related to the social isolation in the pandemic and, its relevance in the present time between the collective and individual interests. The current pandemic of the new coronavirus has generated numerous questions about technical, ethical, moral, legal and social aspects involved in decision-making involving the health measures adopted by the democratic government. The use of human quarantine as an emergency health action in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) at the beginning of the millennium significantly marked public health, opening a new field of discussions regarding the limits between protecting the community and reducing the right to autonomy and freedom of people or groups within a society. Paradoxically, he divided the opinion of experts between the effectiveness of the method and the legal and ethical aspects involved during its application. The present work will be based on the description and analysis of the human quarantine, from the perspective of bioethics through bibliographic review, on the description of its use today, on the possible risks that this measure represents to human autonomy, freedom and dignity. The bioethical aspects were raised in the search for justification to verify the adequacy or not of the decisions taken. It is important to clarify that bioethics can use several models to carry out this reflection, with emphasis on four major theoretical references: virtues, principles, rights and otherness. Its definition and concept were highlighted in the research through Potter's thoughts, as well as the discussion about the state of exception, the applicability of quarantine and the overlapping of collective interests in individual ones by the philosophers and key authors:Agamben , Rawls and Foucault . Based on this, the objectives are: to seek an association of thinking, from bioethics, to quarantine, to reflect on collective interests and individual freedom, and to understand the conflicts of the overlapping elements, in the use of human quarantine, in its complexity in reality.