PREVALENCE OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN WOMEN IN A PRIVATE GYNECOLOGY OUTPATIENT CLINIC IN SÃO LUÍS, MARANHÃO

Abstract

The collection for cytological examination of cervico-vaginal samples is fundamental for the prevention and detection of cervical cancer, STIs caused by bacteria and other microorganisms are: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trichomoniasis, Syphilis, Candidiasis and Gardnerella. For an effective control of pathologies found through the cytopathological-cervical exam, actions are needed to ensure an integral attention to the patient at all levels, from prevention, diagnosis and treatment. A descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach of reports, in the period 2019 and 2021. The study aims to analyze the reports of cytopathological exams performed in a Clinic. The sample was composed of all women over 18 years of age who performed their cytopathological exams at the clinic. The reports were evaluated and the percentage of positive samples was determined for the pathogens in an estimated and systematic sample of 1095 women who underwent the Pap test, considering 5% margin of error and 90% reliability. Based on the analysis of the microbiological agents of the cervix identified from the medical records, we found that in the study population, the most prevalent microorganisms were Candida sp (69%) and supracytoplasmic bacilli suggestive of Gardnerella vaginalis (29%), Trichomonas (2%). In parallel, we determined the prevalence of microorganisms according to the categorization of satisfactory cytopathological results. It is important to emphasize the relevance that the Pap smear and early diagnosis have for women, as well as the appropriate treatment. The research allowed us to identify the benefits that prevention and knowledge about vaginal infections bring to women, in order to improve their quality of life. It is of utmost importance the contribution of health professionals in the adoption of preventive measures for STI control, through educational measures, orientations, educational practices, aiming at improving women's health.