CHIQUIINHA GONZAGA, A WOMAN AHEAD OF HER TIME AND THE FORMATION OF BRAZILIAN POPULAR MUSIC

Abstract

The social sphere supported between 1847 and 1935, a time when Brazilian history showed that genuinely Brazilian musical compositions did not exist, emerged the , the composer and musician Chiquinha Gonzaga, born in 1847, the date of her death is located in 1935 The first female conductor in Brazil, she emerged on the music scene of her time as a popular phenomenon and sales record. Portrayed as a rebellious musician. The transgressive behavior did not cease to scandalize the society of her time; started to live as an independent musician, playing in musical instrument stores, teaching piano and school subjects, he also joined the orchestral ensemble, “Choro do Callado”, by his friend and musician Joaquim Antonio da Silva Callado Júnior (1848–1880) , perfected her technique with the Portuguese pianist Artur Napoleão (1843–1925), while studying orchestration as a self-taught, became the first pianist (or pianeira de choro, a pejorative form to refer to popular musicians at the time) and lived intensely the bohemian carioca in theaters and musical soirees that brought together the composers and intellectuals of the time. Thus, with creative freedom, the true composer would be born, and soon her first great success would come: the polka “Atraente”, which opened the way to an immense musical repertoire, and to the despair of Neves Gonzaga as well.