FEED ADDITIVES AS A REPLACEMENT FOR IONOPHORES IN THE FINISHING OF FEEDLOT BEEF CATTLE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze, through a narrative literature review, the comparative performance of ionophores and alternative feed additives in feedlot beef cattle, situating this comparison within the nutritional profile of Brazilian feedlots and the management factors that condition ruminal stability. The methodology consisted of a narrative review based on twelve studies and reviews published between 2012 and 2026, complemented by classic theoretical background. Results show that monensin remains the additive with the largest body of accumulated evidence, with an average feed efficiency improvement of about 6.4%, and that nearly all Brazilian feedlots use some ionophore. Essential oils, phytogenic blends, and probiotics showed favorable or comparable results to monensin in specific intake, ruminal, and hepatic health outcomes, although evidence on weight gain and feed efficiency remains heterogeneous. It is concluded that alternative additives represent a promising complementary strategy but do not yet consistently replace ionophores in overall productive performance.