EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN TREATING CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN IN ADULTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze recent evidence regarding the effects of physical exercise on pain intensity and functional capacity in adults diagnosed with chronic low back pain (CLBP), which is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. It was based on an integrative literature review conducted in six stages. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, and LILACS in August 2026 using controlled descriptors and free-text terms, with a publication period from 2021 to 2026 and eligibility restricted to randomized controlled trials with 100 or more participants. Study selection was performed by the author and co-author, and the reporting followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Of the 264 publications identified, 17 were included. Thirteen studies reported reductions in pain and/or improvements in functional outcomes. Comparisons between exercise and usual care, education alone, or no intervention consistently favored physical exercise, whereas comparisons regarding exercise modality, intensity, and delivery format tended to show equivalent outcomes. It can therefore be concluded that physical exercise is a safe and effective strategy and should be considered a first-line treatment for CLBP, while taking into account the patient’s individual profile and preferences.