THE MASTER PLAN AS AN INSTRUMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: MAINTENANCE OF GREEN AREAS AND SOIL PERMEABILITY IN URBAN DISASTER PREVENTION

Abstract

This article analyzes the Master Plan as a legal, technical, urban, and environmental instrument for urban environmental protection, focusing on the maintenance of green areas, soil permeability, and the prevention of disasters associated with disordered urbanization. It addresses the problem of how municipal legislation, in dialogue with the Federal Constitution, the City Statute, and environmental laws (Laws No. 6,766/1979, 6,938/1981, 9,985/2000, and 12,651/2012), can reduce socio-environmental vulnerabilities intensified by climate emergencies. The research adopts a qualitative approach, bibliographic, documentary, and normative in nature, using the deductive method. It is argued that the social function of urban property has an intrinsic socio-environmental dimension and that the right to build must be conditioned by the territory's ecological support capacity. The study concludes that instruments such as permeability rates, strategic green area reserves, environmental quotas, nature-based solutions, and environmental tax incentives (Green IPTU) have the potential to transform the Master Plan into the core of a preventive local climate policy. To this end, its material effectiveness depends on precise technical diagnoses, clear municipal norms, permanent inspection, and active social participation.