THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY TRIAD IN OROFACIAL DISORDERS: THE BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASTICATORY BIOMECHANICS, NUTRITIONAL MODULATION, AND DRUG AND SUPPLEMENT THERAPY

Abstract

Morphofunctional facial disorders, such as orofacial pain and sleep bruxism, constitute a public health problem with a multidimensional etiology. The objective of this study was to analyze the bidirectional relationship between masticatory dysfunctions, pro-inflammatory dietary patterns, and pharmacological and supplementary intervention strategies. This is an integrative literature review, guided by the PICO strategy and conducted according to the PRISMA protocol. The results show that masticatory difficulty induces the replacement of fibrous foods with soft, ultra-processed diets, triggering a low-grade systemic inflammation state that exacerbates pain. Faced with chronicity, patients frequently resort to polypharmacy, with excessive use of analgesics and muscle relaxants, increasing systemic risks and chemical dependence. The literature proves that exclusive structural management is insufficient. It is concluded that therapeutic success depends on an integrated matrix that encompasses the adjustment of stomatognathic loads, the prescription of antioxidant-rich diets, and the strategic dispensing of nutraceutical formulations (such as omega-3, magnesium, and vitamin D), aiming to enhance anti-inflammatory effects, promote neuroprotection, and ensure the rational use of conventional medications in pain control.