SPECIAL EDUCATION: CULTURES AND THE CULTURE OF PERSPECTIVES, ADVANCES, AND CONTRASTS

Abstract

The inclusion of people with disabilities in all social environments has been a challenge for decades, despite the existence of numerous national and international legal instruments that guarantee this right. Nevertheless, contemporary society still appears to be immersed in a culture of exclusion and indifference. Special Education has shown a steady increase in the number of students enrolled in mainstream schools, creating a demand that requires greater attention from educational institutions. Based on this premise, several challenges have emerged within the school environment. This article aims to discuss Special Education in Brazil and its effectiveness over the years, particularly in public mainstream schools. The study is a narrative literature review with a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach. The findings indicate that the pursuit of equality, equity, and respect for human dignity, especially regarding the protection of the rights of people with disabilities, has been continuous but has progressed only gradually. Although important advances have been achieved, significant challenges remain, including inadequate teacher training, insufficient structural and pedagogical investments, overcrowded classrooms, and other issues that directly affect the inclusion of students with special educational needs. Despite the growing discourse promoting a more inclusive society and equitable participation in mainstream classrooms, achieving truly inclusive education remains a long-term challenge.