ANALYSIS OF CASES OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Abstract

This article aimed to identify the epidemiological profile of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) cases associated with infectious diseases, highlighting the main etiological agents, vulnerable groups, and factors related to severity and clinical outcomes within the Brazilian context. This is an integrative literature review with a quantitative approach, conducted in June 2026. The search was performed using the PubMed, SciELO, and CAPES Journal Portal databases, employing the PICO strategy, DeCS descriptors, and Boolean operators, initially yielding 57 articles. Following the application of eligibility criteria and screening, the selected studies were classified by level of evidence and critically analyzed in accordance with the ethical principles of scientific research. The studies demonstrated that SARS remains strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2, although the co-circulation of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus has altered the epidemiological profile in the post-pandemic period. Advanced age, comorbidities, inequalities in healthcare access, and low vaccination coverage were linked to greater severity and mortality, while the SIVEP-Gripe system emerged as an essential tool for epidemiological surveillance and the planning of prevention and control measures. SARS remains a significant public health issue in Brazil, with greater severity observed among the elderly, children, and individuals with comorbidities. The studies underscore the importance of epidemiological surveillance and vaccination in preventing severe cases and reducing morbidity and mortality.