INFLUENCE OF DENTAL IMPLANT SURFACE MODIFICATIONS ON OSSEOINTEGRATION: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The surface of dental implants plays a fundamental role in the osseointegration process, directly influencing the clinical success of rehabilitative treatments. This study aimed to review the scientific literature regarding the influence of implant surface characteristics and modifications on osseointegration. It is a narrative literature review conducted via searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, using keywords related to dental implants, osseointegration, and surface modifications. Studies published preferably between 2024 and 2026 were included, encompassing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, narrative reviews, scientific consensus statements, and experimental studies. The results demonstrated that properties such as roughness, surface energy, chemical composition, wettability, and nanotopography significantly influence cell adhesion, osteoblastic differentiation, angiogenesis, and bone remodeling. Furthermore, micro- and nanostructured surfaces, combined with immunomodulatory and bioactive strategies, show potential for accelerating bone formation, improving clinical stability, and reducing biological complications. It is concluded that surface modifications represent a significant advancement in contemporary implant dentistry, although long-term clinical studies are still needed to determine the most effective strategies for different clinical conditions.