TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: PERCEPTIONS, CHALLENGES, AND STRATEGIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NURSING STUDENTS

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains an important public health problem in Brazil and worldwide, being directly associated with social inequalities and difficulties in accessing health services. In this context, Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a fundamental role in early diagnosis, follow-up, and strengthening adherence to treatment. Nursing stands out in this process by providing care, health education, and promoting patient bonding. Objective: To understand Nursing students’ perceptions regarding tuberculosis treatment in Primary Health Care, identifying the main challenges and strategies related to this care process. Methodology: This is an exploratory-descriptive study with qualitative and quantitative approaches, carried out through field research with Nursing students from Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG). Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires containing objective and open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages, and thematic analysis of the responses. Analysis and Discussion of Results: The results showed that the students recognize PHC as the central axis in tuberculosis control, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis, Directly Observed Treatment (DOT), welcoming care, and educational actions. Challenges related to the long duration of treatment, treatment abandonment, social vulnerability, low educational level, adverse effects of medications, and difficulties in accessing health services were also identified. Furthermore, participants emphasized the need to strengthen theoretical and practical training during undergraduate education. Conclusion: It is concluded that the students understand the relevance of nurses’ performance in combating tuberculosis in PHC, especially in promoting therapeutic adherence and humanized care. However, challenges related to social vulnerabilities and gaps in professional training still exist, making it necessary to strengthen theoretical-practical education and integrated care strategies.