FALSE DIGITAL IDENTITY: WHEN ADULTS DISGUISE THEMSELVES AS CHILDREN FOR CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES

Abstract

 This study analyzes the phenomenon of digital false identity, particularly when adults impersonate children in virtual environments in order to commit crimes such as extortion and sexual exploitation. The objective is to understand how this practice facilitates the grooming of minors, as well as to examine the limits and advancements of Brazilian legislation in protecting children and adolescents in the digital environment. The theoretical framework is based on Criminal Law, the Child and Adolescent Statute, and Digital Law, with emphasis on Article 241-D of the Brazilian Statute of the Child and Adolescent and the crime of false identity under the Penal Code, supported by the doctrines of Nucci (2023), Capez (2022), and Lemos (2021). The research adopts a deductive method, with a qualitative approach and bibliographic and documentary analysis. The results indicate that digital false identity is a central element in the practice of grooming, acting as an operational means that enables the approach and manipulation of victims. It was also found that, although the Brazilian legal system provides repressive mechanisms, they are insufficient to address the complexity of digital crimes. In this context, Law No. 15.211/2025 represents a significant advancement by introducing preventive measures and expanding the responsibility of digital platforms. It is concluded that effectively combating such crimes requires integrated action between the State, society, and technology companies, along with the strengthening of digital education.