EARLY-ONSET PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN THE ABSENCE OF A FAMILY HISTORY: ASSOCIATED FACTORS AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze the risk factors and therapeutic perspectives related to early-onset Parkinson’s disease in the absence of a family history, considering the interaction between biological, environmental, and social factors. This is an integrative literature review conducted through searches in the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, including publications from the last ten years, using descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish combined with Boolean operators. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant studies were selected for qualitative analysis. The results showed that the disease has a multifactorial nature, highlighting environmental exposures such as air pollution and pesticides, as well as pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the therapeutic field, current approaches are predominantly symptomatic, with emphasis on levodopa use and interventions such as deep brain stimulation, with no disease-modifying therapies currently available. It is concluded that a broader understanding of risk factors and therapeutic limitations is essential for developing preventive strategies and improving clinical management.