REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA DE LOS RIESGOS DE LOS TERMOGÉNICOS CON SINEFRINA Y CAFEÍNA EN ADOLESCENTES

Abstract

The unsupervised use of thermogenic supplements containing synephrine and caffeine among adolescents, primarily motivated by the pursuit of aesthetic standards, rapid weight loss, and enhanced physical performance, constitutes an important public health concern. In this context, this integrative review, conducted using the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) databases from 2008 to 2025, aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence regarding the adverse effects of this specific combination in adolescents. The analysis of six studies demonstrated that, although the synephrine-caffeine combination may enhance lipid oxidation, energy expenditure, and physical performance in adults, it is also associated with adverse cardiometabolic effects, including tachycardia, hypertension, and elevated blood glucose levels, as well as significant hepatic alterations, such as cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, as observed in clinical trials and in vitro studies.