GREEN LUBRICANTS: STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BABASSU AND SOYBEAN OILS AS BASES FOR BIOLUBRICANTS

Abstract

This article aimed to characterize the fundamental physicochemical properties — specifically, flash point, color, kinematic viscosity, density, and oxidative stability — of pure babassu and soybean oils and to evaluate their individual viability as promising bases for the development of green biolubricants. The methodology adopted was experimental, using samples from local commerce without prior treatment and strictly adhering to ASTM standards (D1500, D1298, D92, and D445) and the European standard EN 14112 for laboratory testing. The main results demonstrated that both oils have high thermal stability, with flash points of 261.0 °C (babassu) and 279.5 °C (soybean), surpassing those of several conventional mineral and synthetic lubricants. Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity at 40 °C classified both oils as ISO VG 32, confirming their suitability for hydraulic systems and light gear lubrication. Oxidative stability also proved satisfactory, exceeding 9 hours of induction time. Finally, it is concluded that the physicochemical characteristics of babassu and soybean oils position them as ecologically viable and robust alternatives to replace mineral lubricants.