SELF-LIGATING BRACKETS IN CURRENT ORTHODONTICS: LITERATURE REVIEW AND DISCUSSION

Abstract

This study aimed to thoroughly analyze the biomechanical bases, historical evolution, and clinical applicability of self-ligating brackets in contemporary orthodontics, establishing a comparative analysis of mechanical and biological efficiency with conventional ligation systems. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative literature review was conducted. Data collection covered databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar, selecting studies published between 1935 and 2026 that addressed critical variables such as frictional resistance, treatment time, periodontal response, and long-term biological stability. Results: The findings demonstrate that self-ligating systems provide a drastic reduction in frictional resistance by eliminating elastomeric ligatures from the sliding mechanics. This enables the use of light and continuous forces that respect the physiology of the periodontal ligament, resulting in accelerated initial alignment and reduced pain/discomfort. It was observed that the design of the devices favors hygiene, reducing the accumulation of bacterial biofilm and the risk of acid demineralization. Conclusion: It is concluded that self-ligating brackets are superior tools in terms of biomechanics and patient comfort. However, the excellence of the results depends on individualized planning and mastery of the finishing phases.