EPIGENETICS OF AGING: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS, BIOMARKERS, AND INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Abstract

Introduction: Human aging is a multifactorial and progressive process influenced by biological, molecular, and environmental changes, directly impacting functionality and the risk of chronic diseases. Epigenetics stands out as a central mechanism in regulating this process. Objective: To analyze the role of epigenetics in human aging, its relationship with longevity, and age-related diseases, emphasizing clinical implications. Method: A narrative, qualitative, descriptive-analytical literature review conducted using the PubMed® database, including studies published between 2016 and 2025. Results: The main epigenetic alterations identified include global DNA hypomethylation, hypermethylation of CpG islands, histone modifications, and changes in microRNAs, which are associated with aging and chronic diseases. Discussion: Epigenetics acts as a link between genetic and environmental factors and can be modulated by lifestyle and therapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Understanding epigenetic mechanisms supports preventive and personalized strategies, promoting healthy aging and increased longevity.